Assessment of an intervention for preventing pediatric overweight and obesity through the World Café technique: A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the self-reported perspectives of participants involved in the Previene Cádiz intervention for preventing pediatric overweight and obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative study collected information through the World Café technique. A purposive sample of 40 participants was used, of which 14 were schoolchildren, 12 were teachers, and 14 were parent volunteers. The data were segmented, and concepts were created and grouped into dimensions and categories. RESULTS: The participants confirmed they had learned new information and behaviors about healthy habits. Parental awareness was considered a crucial and necessary element in changing family habits; therefore, increasing the motivation of family members was deemed a critical task in public health interventions conducted in school settings. DISCUSSION: Despite the suitability of qualitative methodology to evaluate the perceptions of the main players in an educational intervention, scientific literature is scarce. Obtaining information from the educational community about an intervention is not always easy, so the perspectives of teachers, students, and families about the Previene Cádiz intervention through the World Café approach is considered a relevant contribution. CONCLUSIONS: The participants considered the intervention positive in terms of learning and fostering increased knowledge, awareness, and healthy behaviors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Future interventions should encourage the active participation of all social groups involved, integrating dynamic and collaborative training activities that are acceptable to all participants.

[Community health. Innovating in the training of family and community medicine residents]. / Salud comunitaria. Innovando en la formación de residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria.

OBJECTIVE: To know the opinions of the agents involved in the training of family and community medicine residents in order to improve the training process of the «Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care; Assets for Community Health¼ (PARAC) taking into account its adequacy, contextualization and the methodologies used. METHOD: Qualitative interpretative-explanatory study of phenomenological orientation, multilevel and multicenter, in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Between 2018 and 2020, 12 focus groups and 24 semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the participation of sixty-seven professionals from six health districts of Andalusia (Spain), who were involved in the PARAC training process. RESULTS: The participants consider it necessary to broaden training in community health for residents. To this end, they consider it necessary to make changes in the training plan of the specialty, giving more importance to primary health care than to hospital rotations. They value positively the methodologies used in the PARAC training process, which they consider «novel¼, and the choice of young teachers to serve as references. In order for their interventions in the territory to be carried out with quality and safety for the population, they ask that specific times and spaces be guaranteed for community health, as well as adequate supervision to help ensure the coherence and continuity of their interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Training in community health for family and community medicine residents requires a pedagogical, didactic and curricular effort that prepares them for work with the community, as well as the guarantee of organizational conditions that allow this work.

Salud comunitaria. Innovando en la formación de residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria / Community health. Innovating in the training of family and community medicine residents

Objetivo: Conocer las opiniones de los agentes implicados en la formación de residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria para mejorar el proceso formativo del «Proyecto de Apoyo a la Revitalización de la Atención Primaria; Activos para la Salud Comunitaria» (PARAC) teniendo en cuenta su adecuación, contextualización y las metodologías utilizadas.Método: Estudio cualitativo interpretativo-explicativo de orientación fenomenológica, multinivel y multicéntrico, en el que se analiza la opinión de las personas participantes. Entre 2018 y 2020 se realizaron 12 grupos focales y 24 entrevistas semiestructuradas, participando 67 profesionales pertenecientes a seis distritos sanitarios de Andalucía, que estuvieron implicados/as en el proceso formativo PARAC.Resultados: Las personas participantes consideran necesario ampliar la formación en salud comunitaria de los/las residentes. Para ello, creen necesario realizar cambios en el plan formativo de la especialidad, otorgando mayor protagonismo a la atención primaria de salud que a las rotaciones hospitalarias. Valoran positivamente las metodologías utilizadas en el proceso formativo PARAC, que consideran «novedosas», y la elección de docentes jóvenes que sirvan como referentes. Para que sus intervenciones en el territorio se realicen con calidad y seguridad para la población, piden que se garanticen unos tiempos y unos espacios específicos para la salud comunitaria, así como una adecuada supervisión que ayude a asegurar la coherencia y la continuidad de sus intervenciones.Conclusiones: La formación en salud comunitaria de los/las residentes de medicina familiar y comunitaria requiere un esfuerzo pedagógico, didáctico y curricular que los/las prepare para el trabajo con la comunidad, así como la garantía de unas condiciones organizativas que permitan este trabajo.(AU)

Objective: To know the opinions of the agents involved in the training of family and community medicine residents in order to improve the training process of the «Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care; Assets for Community Health» (PARAC) taking into account its adequacy, contextualization and the methodologies used.Method: Qualitative interpretative-explanatory study of phenomenological orientation, multilevel and multicenter, in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Between 2018 and 2020, 12 focus groups and 24 semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the participation of sixty-seven professionals from six health districts of Andalusia (Spain), who were involved in the PARAC training process.Results: The participants consider it necessary to broaden training in community health for residents. To this end, they consider it necessary to make changes in the training plan of the specialty, giving more importance to primary health care than to hospital rotations. They value positively the methodologies used in the PARAC training process, which they consider «novel», and the choice of young teachers to serve as references. In order for their interventions in the territory to be carried out with quality and safety for the population, they ask that specific times and spaces be guaranteed for community health, as well as adequate supervision to help ensure the coherence and continuity of their interventions.Conclusions: Training in community health for family and community medicine residents requires a pedagogical, didactic and curricular effort that prepares them for work with the community, as well as the guarantee of organizational conditions that allow this work.(AU)

Independent and Combined Association of Lifestyle Behaviours and Physical Fitness with Body Weight Status in Schoolchildren.

(1) Background: Lifestyle behaviours and physical fitness play a critical role in the development of childhood obesity. It has been demonstrated in this study that self-reported physical fitness is representative of a healthy lifestyle and thus is associated with a lower incidence of overweight/obesity. The objective of this study was to analyse the independent and combined association of lifestyles (physical activity, screen time, diet and hours of sleep) and self-reported physical fitness with body weight in schoolchildren. (2) Methods: This study performed a descriptive and cross-sectional analysis. The study sample consisted of 864 schoolchildren between 8−9 years old from 26 schools of the province of Cádiz. To measure lifestyles and self-reported physical fitness, questionnaires were administered to both schoolchildren and families. To obtain the body weight status, the children were measured by body mass index (BMI). To verify the influence of lifestyles and self-reported physical fitness on the body weight status of schoolchildren, a combined score of lifestyles and self-reported physical fitness was calculated. (3) Results: Schoolchildren who followed healthier lifestyles and presented good physical fitness had a better body weight status (p < 0.001). Schoolchildren who had less healthful lifestyles and bad physical fitness had a 10.34 times higher risk of being overweight or obese (p = 0.004). (4) Conclusions: It has been shown that there is an independent and combined association between lifestyles and physical fitness on the body weight of the schoolchildren. We have suggested strategies to get children to adopt healthy lifestyles and good physical fitness to maintain a healthy body weight and prevent obesity.

Cómo adaptar una investigación cualitativa a contextos de confinamiento / How to adapt qualitative research to confinement contexts

El confinamiento de la población, incluidas las personas investigadoras, pone de manifiesto la necesidad de adaptar la metodología cualitativa, sus técnicas y herramientas, al contexto actual generado por la COVID-19. Internet y los medios o redes sociales posibilitan la recogida de datos textuales, secuencias, imágenes o narrativas sobre una realidad limitada para el acceso a ella de forma presencial. Entramos en la era de la e-investigación, matizando y reorientando la observación, la conversación, la recogida y el análisis de la información. En la actualidad se trabaja en técnicas y modelos de buena práctica en esta materia. Esta nota incluye métodos de obtención de datos empleados en las investigaciones cualitativas en ciencias de la salud; se hace una selección de técnicas para una investigación cualitativa en línea y se aportan 10 reglas para el diseño de una e-investigación de este tipo. (AU)

The confinement of the population, researchers, shows the need to adapt the qualitative methodology, techniques and tools, to the current context generated by COVID-19. The Internet and the social media allow the collection of textual data, sequences, images or narratives about a limited reality for access to it in person. We enter the era of e-research, nuancing and reorienting the observation, conversation, collection and analysis of information. Currently, we are working on techniques and models of good practice in this area. This note includes data collection tools used in qualitative research in health sciences, a selection of techniques for qualitative online research is made, and 10 rules for the design of an e-research of this type are provided. (AU)

A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study "PREVIENE-CÁDIZ".

This paper describes the protocol for a study designed to address the high prevalence (40%) of childhood overweight and obesity in the province of Cádiz, Spain, as a reflection of what is happening worldwide. It is widely known that children who suffer from childhood obesity have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. This causes a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in health spending. In this context, it is necessary to intervene promoting healthy lifestyle habits from an early stage. The objective of this project will be to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention (individual, school and family) called "PREVIENE-CÁDIZ" [CADIZ-PREVENT]. The intervention will be focused mainly on diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and sleep, to prevent overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from 8 to 9 years old in the province of Cádiz. It will consist of a 10-session education program carried out in the classroom by the teachers. In addition, children will be assigned two workbooks, one to work on in class and the other at home with parents. A workshop aimed at parents will be included to help teach them how to obtain healthier lifestyle habits. The proposed study will involve a quasi-experimental design with a control group.

[How to adapt qualitative research to confinement contexts]. / Cómo adaptar una investigación cualitativa a contextos de confinamiento.

The confinement of the population, researchers, shows the need to adapt the qualitative methodology, techniques and tools, to the current context generated by COVID-19. The Internet and the social media allow the collection of textual data, sequences, images or narratives about a limited reality for access to it in person. We enter the era of e-research, nuancing and reorienting the observation, conversation, collection and analysis of information. Currently, we are working on techniques and models of good practice in this area. This note includes data collection tools used in qualitative research in health sciences, a selection of techniques for qualitative online research is made, and 10 rules for the design of an e-research of this type are provided.

En-red-ando: dialogando sobre salud comunitaria y redes. Informe SESPAS 2018 / Networking: discussing community health and networks. SESPAS Report 2018

Cuatro voces repartidas por España dialogan sobre salud comunitaria y redes, entendiendo que estas son sistemas formados por personas interconectadas, con un interés común, que dan apoyo y sostén. Las redes requieren un espacio común y tiempo, para generar un clima de confianza y respeto que permita un trabajo horizontal. Así se consensua que son estructuras adecuadas para la promoción de la salud, facilitando el intercambio de conocimiento, la colaboración y la innovación a través de la participación de quienes las conforman. La evaluación del trabajo de las redes es importante; se realiza analizando su autonomía, liderazgo, calidad de vínculos, formación, proyección de la red hacia el exterior, capacidad de integrar colectivos y sinergia

Four voices from around Spain discuss community health and networks. These voices understand that the networks are systems formed by interconnected people, with a common interest, that provide support. Networks require a common place and time, in order to generate trust and respect for horizontal work. Thus, networks are appropriate structures for health promotion, facilitating the exchange of knowledge, collaboration and innovation through the participation of those who form them. It is important that networks are evaluated by analysing their autonomy, leadership, quality of links, training, network projection, capacity for integrating groups and synergy

[Networking: discussing community health and networks. SESPAS Report 2018]. / En-red-ando: dialogando sobre salud comunitaria y redes. Informe SESPAS 2018.

Four voices from around Spain discuss community health and networks. These voices understand that the networks are systems formed by interconnected people, with a common interest, that provide support. Networks require a common place and time, in order to generate trust and respect for horizontal work. Thus, networks are appropriate structures for health promotion, facilitating the exchange of knowledge, collaboration and innovation through the participation of those who form them. It is important that networks are evaluated by analysing their autonomy, leadership, quality of links, training, network projection, capacity for integrating groups and synergy.

Importancia del proceso en la evaluación de la efectividad de una intervención sobre obesidad infantil / The importance of the process in evaluating the effectiveness of a childhood obesity campaign

La prevención del exceso de peso infantil es actualmente uno de los grandes retos de la salud pública. Ello está generando una intensificación en la producción de evidencias científicas, dando lugar a todo un corpus de conocimiento sobre los componentes esenciales de las intervenciones desarrolladas en ámbitos como el escolar. En este sentido, es fácilmente identificable una tendencia creciente a orientar las aportaciones de las investigaciones hacia la evaluación de los resultados, analizados en términos de efectividad; raramente se pone el foco de atención en el trabajo de campo. Partiendo de la descripción del proceso de desarrollo de una intervención multicomponente, diseñada para prevenir el exceso de peso en escolares de 3° de Educación Primaria, el objetivo de este artículo es incidir en los elementos de dicho proceso considerando cuestiones importantes en su desarrollo, tales como la plausibilidad y la factibilidad en el medio concreto (AU)

The prevention of childhood obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of modern times. This has triggered the generation of a wealth of scientific evidence, culminating in a body of knowledge concerning the essential components of campaigns implemented in the school setting. In this regard, a growing trend towards the evaluation of research results in terms of effectiveness has become apparent, while the fieldwork itself very rarely comes under the spotlight. By considering the implementation process description of a multicomponent campaign designed to prevent childhood obesity in boys and girls in the 3rdyear of primary education in Spain (9-10 years of age), the aim of this paper is to influence the elements of this process by considering important aspects pertaining to its implementation, such as its plausibility and feasibility in the particular context (AU)

[The importance of the process in evaluating the effectiveness of a childhood obesity campaign]. / Importancia del proceso en la evaluación de la efectividad de una intervención sobre obesidad infantil.

The prevention of childhood obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of modern times. This has triggered the generation of a wealth of scientific evidence, culminating in a body of knowledge concerning the essential components of campaigns implemented in the school setting. In this regard, a growing trend towards the evaluation of research results in terms of effectiveness has become apparent, while the fieldwork itself very rarely comes under the spotlight. By considering the implementation process description of a multicomponent campaign designed to prevent childhood obesity in boys and girls in the 3rd year of primary education in Spain (9-10 years of age), the aim of this paper is to influence the elements of this process by considering important aspects pertaining to its implementation, such as its plausibility and feasibility in the particular context.